Saturday, 5 May 2018

How Does a Diesel Engine Work?

You just used the Vista sundeck trawler in 1986, and she bought everything you need for a yacht. Good sundeck, living room and large Paris legs are perfect. She also has a twin Volvo diesel and Onan gen. But how does a diesel engine work? You have never owned a diesel before.

Theoretically, diesel and gasoline engines are similar. These are internal combustion motors designed to convert the chemical energy available in diesel or gasoline into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy moves the piston up and down inside the piston chamber. The piston is connected to the crankshaft and the upward and downward movement of the piston, which is perceived as linear motion, creates the rotational motion necessary to rotate the prop in the used trolley or motor yacht.

Today, with diesel or gas prices increasing as demand increases and supplies drop, we need to choose cost-effective fuels to power the ship. After the invention of a diesel engine in 1892 by Rudolph Diesel in Augsburg, Germany, the diesel engine proved to be very efficient and cost effective. In 1894 Rudolph Diesel nearly died when the prototype engine exploded. However, the explosion proved to be able to ignite the diesel engine without the spark plug.

Diesel engines are truly biofuel engines. Diesel’s first engine used peanut oil. In fact, diesel can act on peanut oil, vegetable oil, synthetic oil, and even hydraulic oil. Rudolf Diesel even experimented with early diesel engines with gun powder. Soon I dealt with the powder and stored it to solve it.

After the oil was found to be a readily available resource, the fuel we now call diesel fuel has been engineered to power the diesel engine. Diesel fuel is slightly more expensive than gas, but diesel has a higher energy density. That is, more power can be recovered from the diesel compared to the same amount of gasoline. As a result, diesel engines provide greater power and are a clear choice for large used trawlers and motor yachts. Diesel is heavier and more oil than gasoline. Diesel fuel has a high flash point and can be safely stored on the boat.

The easiest way to remember how a diesel engine works is to remember the phrases “sucking, squeezing, banging”. This is related to a cycle of 4 strokes recognized in the OTTO cycle.

First, air is sucked into the cylinder (suction). Then the air is compressed by the movement of the piston, and the piston is injected with steam (squeeze) just before reaching the top of the cylinder. Compression raises the temperature of the air. This burns diesel fuel (bang). Eventually the waste gas blows from the piston chamber (blow) into the exhaust system.

The diesel injection pump injects fuel into the injection cylinder of the diesel engine. It is important to remember that unlike petrol engines, ignition plugs are not used for fuel ignition. They depend entirely on the compression of the diesel in the piston chamber to cause combustion. Therefore, the diesel injection pump is very important and must be made rough to produce a compression value of up to 15,000 psi required for engine operation.

Naturally, the intake diesel engine sucks in air to start the combustion cycle. These diesels produce less power than turbocharged cousins. Turbocharging allows the engine to mechanically apply air to produce more power.

Turbocharged diesel engines refer to diesel engines with turbochargers. Turbocharging is the standard, not the exception, in larger and faster motor yachts. As with turbocharged engines, turbo diesel engines deliver higher power, lower emission levels and higher efficiency than naturally aspirated intake engines.

High-power engines require that stronger (and therefore heavier) internal components, such as pistons and crankshafts, can withstand continuous hammering in the diesel engine’s operating cycle. Therefore, the design of a diesel engine takes hundreds of hours of continuous use under load. I am talking about an engine from Westerbeke, and I still have 30,000 engines in use and she is still working.

Diesel engines can be damaged as a result of misuse or misuse – mainly internal glazing and carbon buildup. This is often found in generators that occur because they do not operate engines that are not loaded. Ideally, a diesel engine should run at least 75% of its maximum rated load and revolutions per minute. A short period of low load operation is allowed if the diesel engine reaches full load or is close to full load at regular intervals.

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